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显示标签为“那點破事”的博文。显示所有博文

2010年3月27日星期六

福建網民“誣告陷害”案

福建網民“誣告陷害”案

福建網民“誣告陷害”案是指在2009年6月至7月間發生于福建省福州市的一起多名網民因記錄、傳播“閩清嚴曉玲遭8人輪奸致死”等相關文章與視頻被福州警方傳訊、拘留的案件,其中游精佑、范燕瓊、吳華英三人最終以“誣告陷害罪”被福州市馬尾區人民檢察院批准逮捕並起訴。2009年11月11日,福建省福州市馬尾區人民法院開庭審理[59] , [60], [61],2010年3月19日馬尾區人民法院再度開庭,檢方提出因證據不充分,要求再次補充偵查,獲法庭同意,決定延期審理[87], [88], [89],整個過程僅持續了約2分鐘[89]。當日,200名當地以及從全國各地趕來的網民在法院外守候,關注庭審進展,與在場的員警、便衣和某些不明身份人士產生肢體衝突,這些通過微博客傳遞現場消息、圖片,一時間成為傳播熱點[87], [90]。這樣,檢察院先後兩次要求補充偵查,導致案件遲遲不能出判決。這個案件本身與其他兩起案件交織在一起,如福清紀委爆炸案、閩清少女嚴曉玲死亡案,堪稱“案中案”[104],由此掀開了福建省近十年來公、檢、法、司黑幕,引起海內外民眾、媒體的強烈關注。這一事件也被稱為“福建誣陷門”[1]

I. 涉案人员... 1

II. 背景... 2

III. 起因... 3

IV. 经过... 3

V. 辩护律师... 7

VI. 各界看法... 7

VII. 参考资料... 8

VIII. 外部链接... 13

I. 涉案人員

1. 范燕瓊,福建南平人,為死者嚴曉玲的母親林秀英代書《福建閩清警匪輪奸26歲女青年致死後還繼續奸屍,慘絕人寰、訴告無門》這篇文章。她在2002年開始社會問題寫作,著有《中國上訪人》、《一個無罪女囚觸摸過死神的手》和《媽媽,您的兒女是罪惡之人》等長篇紀實文學[2]。在被關押在福州市第二看守所期間,雙腿幾近癱瘓,多次申請取保候審無果[3]

2. 游精佑,福建長樂人,橋樑高級工程師,本案發生之前任向莆鐵路工程建設指揮部副總指揮[4]。他曾是西南交大理工286班學生,1990年畢業,橋樑工程專業,曾任向莆鐵路福建第二指揮部副指揮長,負責向莆鐵路福建三標(尤溪縣全境和永泰縣部分)的安全和品質[5]

3. 吳華英,福建福清人,其弟弟吳昌龍因2001年的福清紀委爆炸案[6]被羈押在看守所長達九年,福建省高級人民法院至今仍未作出終審判決。吳華英為了其弟弟的案件,多年來一直在堅持上訪,但得不到任何結果。2009年4月中央組織部紀委巡視組在閩時,吳華英向巡視組反映了福清紀委爆炸案[7]。自2009年7月1日被抓後,吳華英“零口供”,認為是製造、掩蓋福清紀委大樓爆炸大假案的人打擊報復。

4. 林秀英,福建閩清縣梅城鎮人,死者嚴曉玲之母,開食雜店為生[8],育有一女兩子,其女嚴曉玲於2008年2月11日晚在閩清縣醫院死亡,死亡原因不明。

5. 林愛德,死者嚴曉玲之舅舅,林秀英哥哥,2009年6月25日中午,林愛德在嚴曉玲的照片掃描後傳給了被告人吳華英,被告人吳華英又傳給了郝剛,要求郝剛把這些照片編輯到視頻中[9]

6. 郭寶鋒,福建龍岩人,現居於廈門,因協助遊精佑上傳林秀英哭訴的視頻到海外網站而被捕,關押于福州市第二看守所,2009年7月31日以“取保候審”的名義被釋放[10]

7. 郝剛,福州市氣象臺地面氣象觀測組觀測員[11],提供拍攝嚴曉玲母親哭訴視頻所用的攝像機。

8. 陳煥輝、楊雪英夫婦,因其兒子陳夏影在1996年“4.26”福清市綁架大冤案被枉法錯判,不斷申訴、上訪,同情嚴曉玲母親遭遇,在生活上給予幫助。楊雪英被刑拘四天后取保候審,陳煥輝被刑拘23天后於7月23日取保候審[12]

9. 黃財漂,福建連江縣人,上訪戶,原為該縣坑園鎮水產養殖大戶[13]

10. 陳仰東,為林秀英購買手機,個人資訊和工作資訊不詳。

11. 李子山,某電視臺經濟生活頻道編導,嚴曉玲母親林秀英口述冤情視頻的拍攝者。

12. 複印店老闆,姓名不詳。

II. 背景

2008年2月10日晚,福建福州閩清縣醫院向110報警,稱有一位女子被人背來扔在醫院,該女子已死亡[14] 。當晚11時許,家住梅城鎮梅溪路563號的林秀英聞訊,趕到急診室對死者進行辨認,確認死者系其女兒嚴曉玲,並反映2月10日晚,其女嚴曉玲接到其男友聶志雄電話後出門未歸,直至前一個小時,聶志雄與他的朋友告訴其女兒在縣醫院急救[14], [15]

林秀英趕到醫院,看到女兒恐怖的遺容,聽到周圍人的議論,認為女兒是被輪奸致死。據林秀英回憶,2008年2月11日,聶志雄帶人將她接到閩清縣醫院,她看到女兒嚴曉玲的屍體,暈了過去[8]

2008年2月12日,嚴曉玲家屬向閩清縣公安局提出嚴曉玲系被人奸殺,並要求對嚴曉玲死因進行解剖檢驗。閩清縣公安局法醫對嚴曉玲屍體進行了解剖,並提取死者心血、陰道內容物、子宮及雙側輸卵管等體內器官後,分別送福建省公安廳物證鑒定中心與福州市公安局刑事科學技術研究所作進一步德病理學、理化和生物物證檢驗。2008年3月13日,福州市公安局作出“送檢血液中未檢出毒物和送檢陰道內容物未見人精子”的結論,福建省公安廳作出“輸卵管妊娠並破裂”的病理診斷。閩清縣公安局根據上述鑒定,作出“嚴曉玲系輸卵管妊娠破裂致出血性休克死亡”的法醫學鑒定結論,並將鑒定結論告知了嚴曉玲的母親林秀英。閩清縣公安局根據調查情況依法做出了不予立案的決定,並製作了《不予立案通知書》告知林秀英[14], [15] , [21]

然而,林秀英全家均認為,兇手一定是聶志雄。林秀英要求閩清警方立案抓捕聶志雄,遭到拒絕。她認為這給嫌疑人提供了串供的時間。

從2008年4月起,這位不識字的婦女開始不斷向縣、市、省各級相關部門舉報,要求“明查此案,嚴懲兇手,追究相關人員和部門的責任”,不過一直沒有結果。她得到的答復只有一個:嚴曉玲屬正常死亡,不予立案偵查。林秀英要求重新屍檢,得到的答復是先交5萬元。

林秀英說:“剛開始我是控告聶志雄等人輪奸我女兒致死,後來閩清公安局長期不處理;後來在閩清有人告訴刑警隊的隊長林宗穎、治安科科長盧賢丁和縣檢察院的塗檢察官等人和聶志雄等人一起合股開的“麗歌KTV”。她越發認為:“有人要包庇聶志雄” [8]

III. 起因

2009年5月,林秀英碰到了范燕瓊等人。范燕瓊聽到林秀英的哭訴後非常同情,遂幫助當事人林秀英整理口述,並寫成帖子、陳述冤情,希望以此引起政府重視,徹查真相。2009年6月22日,她將林秀英提供的嚴曉玲案材料,整理成了《福建閩清警匪輪奸26歲女青年致死後還繼續奸屍,慘絕人寰、訴告無門》一文,發到一些境外維權網站“參與”網。這篇文章,經林秀英本人確認之後,范燕瓊把文章傳給境外網站編輯,由編輯修改後,更題為《閩清嚴曉玲比巴東鄧玉嬌悲慘一萬倍》[16],並於6月22日晚23時許將帖子發佈到互聯網[17]

2009年6月23日晚間起,新浪、網易、天涯社區、鳳凰、中華網等多家知名網站論壇出現《嚴曉玲,她比鄧玉嬌悲慘一萬倍!》、《慘絕人寰:閩清常現無名女屍 嚴曉玲被8人輪奸》等帖文,引起網民廣泛關注[14], [15]

2009年6月24日,福州市公安局召開新聞發佈會,公佈警方的鑒定結論:嚴曉玲系輸卵管妊娠破裂致出血性休克死亡,不存在暴力、中毒或輪奸致死問題,帖文完全失實,純屬造謠 [18], [19]

2009年6月24日,遊精佑、吳華英等人為林秀英、林愛德拍攝了“家人哭訴悲慘經歷”的視頻錄影[20]

2009年6月26日遊精佑將編輯好的視頻上傳至互聯網[20],同時將視頻發送給了吳華英及網友郭寶鋒、“老朋友”、“花木蘭”等多人。吳華英收到視頻後,通過網路QQ郵箱將視頻發給“老虎廟”(張世和)、“大丈夫”(張建平)、“張輝”、“中國正義反腐”和“曾穎”等五人。郭寶鋒收到視頻後將視頻又發送到境外網址為www.tinypic.com的網站上[21]

IV. 經過

2009年6月26日,福州警方開始大規模抓捕網民,當日下午四點,連江縣坑園鎮派出所陳永兵所長帶領的員警抓捕范燕瓊[22]

2009年6月27日,福州市馬尾區公安局立案偵查[21]

2009年7月1日淩晨一點,吳華英在家中遭遇福州馬尾公安局員警抄家搜查,被抓走[23]

2009年7月5日下午四點,遊精佑被福州馬尾公安局從尤溪辦公室帶走[24]

至2009年7月中旬,共有范燕瓊、吳華英、遊精佑、提供電腦寫文章的陳煥輝夫婦、複印店老闆、借攝像機給遊精佑的郝剛,幫助上傳視頻的郭寶鋒、林秀英、林愛德、為林秀英購買手機的陳仰東、上訪戶黃財漂、説明攝像的李子山等十多人被抓,後定為涉嫌誹謗案同案人的有八人,並辦有取保候審手續。

2009年7月6日,劉曉原律師接到游精佑妻子的電話,稱遊精佑留下委託書,請劉曉原律師為他的辯護人 [25]

2009年7月9日,劉曉原律師飛抵福州[26]

2009年7月10日上午,劉曉原律師與游精佑妻子陳育紅,以及吳華英和范燕瓊的律師去了馬尾區公安局要求會見遊精佑[26]。馬尾區公安局法制大隊鄭副大隊告之,案件涉及國家秘密,需請示領導[26] ,[27], [28]

2009年7月13日,劉曉原律師為游精佑遞交了取保候審申請書[29]

2009年7月15日,馬尾公安局出具公刑不准字【2009】001、002、003號《不准予會見涉密案件在押犯罪嫌疑人決定書》,以案件涉及國家秘密為由不讓律師會見[30]

2009年7月15日下午5點半左右,福建網民郭寶鋒在廈門在其所在的公司被馬尾警方幾位警員圍堵,然後被帶至馬尾公安局轄下的快安派出所連夜審訊。次日淩晨,警方簽發了“涉嫌誹謗”的刑事拘留通知書,郭寶鋒被正式拘留。然而,郭寶鋒趁看守的員警熟睡之際,利用手機向微博客網站Twiiter發送SOS求救資訊[28] , [31],引發一系列的連鎖效應,這個案件由此開始廣為人知。

2009年7月21日,劉曉原律師接到通知,警方不同意取保候審的申請[32]

2009年7月21日晚,福建網民郭寶鋒家屬收到拘留通知書[33]

2009年7月22日,北京市旗鑒律師事務所、北京市億嘉律師事務所、福建法煒律師事務所發出了“關於涉法涉訴訪民涉嫌誹謗界定涉密案件不妥,擬依法安排律師會見履行職責法律意見書” [34]

2009年7月22日,網友“安替”首先給被拘押的郭寶鋒寄明信片。2009年7月23日,網友“北風”發出倡議,建議網友寄明信片[35], [38], [40]

2009年7月23日,福州警方同意律師會見三位網民[36]

2009年7月27日,劉曉原與林洪楠律師、林忠律師、金光鴻律師第一次會見三位網民。范燕瓊身體很差,林洪楠律師向看守所反映了這個情況,並要求看守所帶范燕瓊去看病。看守所表示注意到了這個情況[37]

2009年7月28日,三位元網民的代理律師認為范燕瓊、吳華英、遊精佑符合取保候審條件,再次遞交取保候審申請書[38]

2009年7月29日,北京市旗鑒律師事務所北京市億嘉律師事務所福建法煒律師事務所發出了《關於涉法涉訴訪民、網民涉嫌誹謗不擬刑事追究吸取王帥、段磊誹謗案的教訓建議對涉案人員撤銷案件法律意見書》[39]

2009年7月31日,福建警方變更罪名,范燕瓊、遊精佑、吳華英三人被以誣告陷害罪正式逮捕。同日,郭寶鋒被取保候審釋放[41]

2009年8月2日下午,游精佑妻子陳育紅告知劉曉原律師收到公安機關寄來的逮捕通知書,信件是7月31日寄出的,逮捕通知書注明的罪名是“誣告陷害”[42]

2009年8月4日,劉曉原律師接到通知,公安機關以取保候審可能發生社會危險性為由不予批准[43]

2009年8月11日,劉曉原律師第二次會見遊精佑,遊精佑稱,文章與他無關,他只是幫助嚴曉玲之母林秀英製作了一個視頻,林秀英在視頻中訴說了女兒之死及其上訪遭遇[44]

2009年8月13日,北京市旗鑒律師事務所、北京市億嘉律師事務所、福建法煒律師事務所再次發出了《關於涉法涉訴訪民涉嫌誹謗隨意變更罪名以“海西”司法軟環境大局為重 建議對涉案人員無罪開釋法律意見書》[45]

2009年8月24日,福建的林忠律師會見了范燕瓊。范燕瓊身體很差仍然不能走路。林忠、林洪楠律師為范燕瓊、吳華英申請的取保候審也未獲批准[46]

2009年8月28日,林忠律師正式向福州市公安局提出范燕瓊保外就醫申請書,這是律師為范燕瓊第二次提出取保候審申請[47], [48]

2009年9月2日,海峽都市報(A18)刊登《嚴曉玲案:三網民可能被指誣陷罪》[49],《嚴曉玲案:看網路寫手如何演繹》[50]。在偵查未結、控、辯、審未介入之前,法外特准媒體記者在看守所採訪了范燕瓊、遊精佑,唯獨沒有採訪吳華英。這種作法,讓人聯想到:2001年震驚國內外的福州“2.20”槍案,發生第二天,福建媒體以《持槍搶劫,斃了活該》為題的報導[51];同年“6.24”福清爆炸案發生後,海峽都市報於2001年12月25日(特別報導)《福清“6.24”爆炸案成功告破》[52],導致後來公、檢、法、司,依此設定的領導思路一錯再錯。鑒往知來,這種讓媒體來“先行定性定罪”的作法,不僅沒有法律依據,而且很容易造成誤導。

2009年9月8日,馬尾公安局回復林忠律師保外就醫申請需由家屬提出,2009年9月10日,范燕瓊的女兒林靜怡正式提出保外就醫申請[53]

2009年9月14日,馬尾區人民檢察院對范燕瓊、吳華英、遊精佑“誣告陷害案”審查起訴完畢,將案件移送給了馬尾區人民法院[54]

2009年9月18日,北京市旗鑒律師事務所、北京市億嘉律師事務所、福建法煒律師事務所發出《關於堅持無罪推定原則,忠實於事實真相再次建議對涉案網民訪民無罪開釋法律意見書》[55]

2009年10月12日,福建法煒律師事務所收悉馬尾區檢察院以林忠20年前曾任該院檢察官,不讓其擔任該案范燕瓊的辯護人(見榕馬檢訴函(2009)24號《函》),當天,提起復議不果,後指派姜運福律師接替林忠范的辯護人。

2009年10月15日,馬尾區人民檢察院對范燕瓊、吳華英、遊精佑“誣告陷害案”審查起訴完畢,案件移送給了馬尾區人民法院[56]

2009年11月4日,福州馬尾法院發出出庭通知書,通知遊精佑誣告陷害一案安排在11月11日上午八時三十分開庭審理[57]

2009年11月5日,林洪楠律師因福建網民誣告陷害案即將開庭,與姜運福律師、吳志榕律師一起去福州市第二看守所會見范燕瓊、遊精佑、吳華英。在看守所會見時,收到福州市司法局律師管理處領導到看守所送達的一份《行政處罰當事人聽證告知書》[58]

2009年11月11日上午開庭,全部證人無一出庭。林秀英要求出庭作證被拒絕。三位網民的辯護律師也要求林秀英出庭作證,被拒絕[59] , [60], [61]

2009年11月20日,福州市司法局就林洪楠律師處罰之事舉行聽證[62]

2009年12月4日,北京市民王荔蕻給剛履新的中共福建省委書記的孫春蘭女士寫了第一封信,就福建三位網民(遊精佑、吳華英、范燕瓊)“誣告陷害”案向孫春蘭說明了情況[63]

2009年12月10日,北京市瑞風律師事務所、北京市旗鑒律師事務所,北京市億嘉律師事務所、福建法煒律師事務所就網民范燕瓊、吳華英、遊精佑涉嫌誣告陷害一案超審限,超期羈押問題出具情況反映意見書,要求該院糾正超審限的違法行為,並依照法律規定對案件作出公正判決[64]

2009年12月21日,劉曉原律師在傳知行公民轉型論壇舉辦“談由嚴曉玲案引發的網民誣告陷害案” [65]

2009年12月23日,福州市司法局下達對林洪楠律師停止執業一年處罰的決定[66]。理由是林洪楠律師在2002年擔任福清市紀委爆炸案辯護人期間,閱卷時未經法院同意,將卷宗中標有“秘密”的福清市委政法委一份會議紀要複印後帶走提供給有關當事人家屬,造成該檔的有關內容在境外網站上被披露[67], [97]

2009年12月24日,成都電視臺《真相30分》播出“福建網友發貼喊冤遭跨區抓捕調查” [68]

2009年12月28日,劉曉原、李方平、金光鴻律師發出了《關於提請關注林洪楠律師被停止執業一年的公民建議書》[69]

2009年12月29日,三位網民的律師分別提出了向馬尾區法院申請變更三網民的強制措施[70]

2010年1月6日,接到福建馬尾法院拒絕三網民變更強制措施,改為取保候審的通知書[71]

2010年1月7日,福建馬尾法院稱根據刑事訴訟法126條已經報請上級法院批准延期一個月的審限又到期[72]

2010年1月7日,范燕瓊女兒林靜怡、本案同案人郭寶鋒以及幾百位在校學生連署“籲請福州司法機關依法釋放范燕瓊、遊精佑、吳華英”陳情書[73]

2010年1月12日,三網友的辯護律師劉曉原、李方平、金光鴻、薑運福、吳志榕、林洪楠六位律師向馬尾區人民法院在審理范燕瓊、遊精佑、吳華英誣告陷害案中超審限問題,特向馬尾區人民檢察院投訴舉報[74]

2010年1月13日,正值福州市人大和政協“兩會”期間,郭寶鋒在廈門向大會主席團用快遞遞交“就網民誣陷案致福州人大代表和政協委員的信”,但以大會結束為由最終被退回[75]

2010年1月22日下午五時四十五分,江蘇衛視《世間》播出福建網民誣告陷害案[76]

2010年1月31日下午1時31分31秒,北京有網民在“福建大廈”和福建駐京辦事處,準時大呼一聲:“由京幼”,呼叫完畢即自行離開的“快閃”行為藝術活動,以表示對三位網友的聲援[77]

2010年2月2日,遊精佑案並超級低俗屠夫網路虛擬關注團成立[78]

2010年2月14日,王荔蕻在給福建省委書記孫春蘭寫了十多封信後,終於收到了福建省信訪局的回復,告知應直接向福建省人民法院反映問題[79]

2010年2月21日,王荔蕻致函福建省高級人民法院,請求高度關注福建省馬尾法院所審理的福建網民“誣告陷害案”[80]

2010年2月25日,安徽衛視《超級新聞場》節目報導了嚴曉玲案、福州三網民“誣告陷害案”[81]

2010年3月1日,林洪楠律師向福建省高級人民法院遞交了起訴書,狀告作出停業處罰決定的福州市司法局[82]

2010年3月6日淩晨,關注本案的北京知名公民記者老虎廟(張世和)被陝西省員警在北京家中以“回家探親”的名義強行帶回陝西,疑與其在北京舉辦網友吳華英生日晚會有關[83],同日王荔蕻收到馬尾公安局的回復[84]

2010年3月8日,維權人士范燕瓊面臨癱瘓危險,律師提出第五次取保候審[85]

2010年3月15日傍晚,馬尾區人民法院向三位網友的辯護律師寄送重新開庭通知書,告知2010年3月19日上午9點在馬尾區人民法院重新開庭審理[86]

2010年3月19日上午,福州市馬尾區人民法院再度開庭,檢方提出因證據不充分,要求再次補充偵查,獲法庭同意,決定延期審理[87], [88], [89],整個過程僅持續了約2分鐘[89]。當日,200名當地以及從全國各地趕來的網民在法院外守候,關注庭審進展,與在場的員警、便衣和某些不明身份人士產生肢體衝突,這些網民通過微博客傳遞現場消息、圖片,一時間成為傳播熱點[87], [90]

2010年3月19日,美國通訊社美聯社以《互聯網催生新一代中國活動人士》為題對本案進行報導,該報導迅速被全球各大媒體轉載,其中包括有相當影響力的《紐約時報》[91];3月23日,德國最知名的媒體《明鏡週刊》以《中國的互聯網活躍人士——中國當局為何害怕網路》為題也對本案進行報導[92],表明該案件引起國際社會的關注。

2010年3月23日,游精佑妻子陳育紅首次寫信給福州市相關信訪部門,表示希望快點結束這種含糊不清的拖延。有罪則判,無罪則放。她同時希望信訪部門的負責人行使監督權,啟動體制內糾錯機制,追究責任,儘快合法、合情、合理地解決問題[93]。同日,北京市民王荔蕻就福建網民誣告陷害案,給福建省委書記孫春蘭寫了第20封信[94]

2010年3月26日,北京市瑞風律師事務所、北京市旗鑒律師事務所,北京市億嘉律師事務所、福建法煒律師事務所就網民范燕瓊、吳華英、遊精佑涉嫌誣告陷害一案向福州市馬尾區人民法院發出第六份《 關於在審網民誣告陷害案 證據不足,擬依法作出無罪判決或變更強制措施法律意見書》[95]

2010年3月27日,網友吳淦(屠夫)、張輝等人在北京馬甸南路湘都酒樓舉行馬尾3.19情況說明會,來自全國的各界人士共50餘人到場,共同觀看現場影片,並在德先生負責人張輝的主持下舉行了公民研討[96]

V. 辯護律師

1. 林洪楠,1962年北京大學法律系畢業援藏,在西藏山南地區公安處,從事軍事法庭和國家安全保衛工作。1981年內返福建,其先後任福州市公安局預審處、法制處副處長、司法局辦公室主任、律管處處長。1996年初,辭去政職,專職從事律師工作。先後創建福建天鈞、法煒律師事務所,任律所主任,吳華英之辯護律師[97]

2. 劉曉原,1964年9月生,江西省吉安市人,北京市旗鑒律師事務所律師、主任,游精佑之辯護律師。劉曉原的博客在網民中具有一定的影響力,曾獲德國之聲2008年國際博客大賽最佳中文博客獎[98]

3. 李方平,北京市瑞風律師事務所,范燕瓊之辯護律師;

4. 林忠,福建法煒律師事務所,范燕瓊之辯護律師;

5. 李穎善,福建法煒律師事務所,郭寶鋒之法律幫助律師;

6. 姜運福,福建法煒律師事務所,范燕瓊之辯護律師;

7. 金光鴻,北京市億嘉律師事務所,吳華英之辯護律師;

8. 吳志榕,福建法煒律師事務所,游精佑之辯護律師。

VI. 各界看法

1. 福州市公安局政治部副主任劉明認為,“由於資訊不對稱,網民表述的資訊、觀點往往缺乏嚴密的調查、核實,其中不少屬於主觀猜測、情緒化表達甚至惡意造謠” [99]

2. 《東南快報》特約評論員文章:“福州官方較快地通過網路等媒體對閩清嚴曉玲案進行澄清,對案情的描述和解釋比較具體,有相當的可信度。這種積極面對網路傳聞,儘快澄清案件真相的態度值得讚賞。”不過同時它也表示,“官方公佈的澄清文章還缺乏一些針對性的澄清。例如,是否有醫護人員證明陰道內還有精液,縣公安局法醫解剖屍體時死者家屬是否到場,聶志雄的父親是否說了‘嚴曉玲遭8人輪奸致死’等,並未涉及” [100]

3. 北京大學新聞與傳播學院副教授胡泳先生認為,“不能再以誹謗罪限制網民發言”,“在馬尾的事情當中,不僅誹謗再次成為一個包羅萬象、模糊不清的罪名,而且,有關部門還祭出一個新的法寶,即以“國家秘密”來回應網友和記者欲瞭解真相的努力。將“誹謗”地方官員個人之事當做公訴案件來偵辦,已是一錯,把公眾和律師對這樣的公訴案件的瞭解與調查以“涉及國家秘密”為由徹底堵死,更是錯上加錯” [101]

4. 中國社科院刑法研究室研究員鄧子濱認為,綜觀福州網民案,網民的訴求與誣告陷害的邏輯差得很遠,“范燕瓊等3人是不夠罪的,雖然他們對事實失察,確有錯誤”。 展江認為,網民比傳統媒體更缺乏保護,發佈的資訊更不確切,政府動用公權力維護自身名譽,比民事起訴高效得多。這是近幾年政府放棄民事起訴,直接動用刑律制裁公民表達的重要原因之一 [102]

5. 中國社會科學院農村所社會問題研究中心主任、教授于建嶸認為,“司法系統是通過保證嚴格的程式正義來最大限度接近實質正義的。如果司法不能獨立審判,被另一個強大權力所操縱,法律成為被任意歪曲的工具,審判成為過場,司法系統就會失去應有的權威。如果三網民“誣告陷害”罪名成立,受損害的將不僅是公民的網路自由表達權,更代表著司法權的失守,代表公權力對私權的無限侵害能力和可能” [103]

6. 游精佑的辯護律師劉曉原說,擔任三名被告網民的辯護律師均依法為被告人作了無罪辯護,並指出了“代言有罪”這是最為典型的濫權枉法,根本上顛覆了誣告陷害罪的法律構成要件,也是對言論自由的粗暴踐踏。如果假設福州公訴機關的指控可以成立的話,那涉及誣告陷害的本案“主犯”應該是林秀英,幫助林秀英寫文章拍攝錄相的范燕瓊、遊精佑最多也只是一個“從犯”,而吳華英更是被強拉進來的“從犯”。現在“主犯”繼續在法庭外“誣告陷害”而沒有受到任何刑事追究,但三個網民“從犯”卻被指控為“誣告陷害罪”,這豈不是太可笑,也太荒唐[104]

7. 北京某高校教師衛金桂認為,“為嚴曉玲母親僅僅提供技術幫助、沒有主觀成份加減;只作為簡單的資訊傳播人的遊精佑等由此獲罪,並將這一同情弱者的舉動,加諸與政治有關的罪名,使幾位“幫閒人”遭受鐐銬待遇和牢房羈押,這一事件,直接挑戰到人類社會的道德觀” [105]

8. 中國政法大學法學院副教授蕭瀚[106]認為,讓三位網民范燕瓊、遊精佑、吳華英回家,向他們賠禮道歉,該國家賠償國家賠償,並以有公信力的方式處理嚴曉玲案,也許是馬尾政府唯一能做也是該做的事[107]

9. 新民網特約評論員、江西檢察官楊濤認為,現代政治和法治理論不支持“政府的調查結論天然是真理”的結論。任何公民都有合理懷疑、質疑公權力的權利。捍衛和維護公民的這種權利,就是捍衛人民批評和監督政府的權利[108]

VII. 參考資料

1. 全程關注“福建誣陷門” http://fjwangmin.72pines.com/

2. 《中國上訪人》作者范燕瓊的自述 http://groups.google.com/group/64tianwangnewspaper/web/《中國上訪人》作者范燕瓊的自述?pli=1

3. 維權人士范燕瓊面臨癱瘓危險,律師提出第五次取保候審 http://newcenturynews.com/Article/china/201003/20100308205107.html

4. 互動百科:遊精佑 http://www.hudong.com/wiki/遊精佑

5. 福建三網民被誣告陷害案遊精佑資料貼士 http://www.my1510.cn/article.php?id=e8a322ba2e3de037

6. “福清紀委爆炸案”“告破”背後的黑幕http://www.360doc.com/content/08/0510/16/59453_1249782.shtml

7. 心塵» 105、“福清紀委爆炸案”蒙冤者及親屬致中央巡視組第一封信 http://www.de-sci.org/blogs/xinceng/archives/29061

8. 南方週末:網民幫人發帖,被控誣陷罪受審http://www.infzm.com/content/37691

9. 吳華英從福州市第二看守所寄出的家書 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49daf0ea0100gzsn.html

10. 溫雲超:郭寶鋒已取保候審,暫獲自由 http://www.bullogger.com/blogs/wenyc1230/archives/311202.aspx

11. 福州氣象觀測員無意拍下鼓山神秘飛行物(圖) http://www.fjsen.com/d/2009-08/04/content_207056.htm

12. 律師發出法律意見書,要求撤銷網民誹謗案:http://liu6465.fyfz.cn/art/502498.htm

13. 福建連江105畝的水產養殖戶黃財漂的控訴 http://www.zhongmeng.org/bbs/viewthread.php?action=printable&tid=7539

14. 東南快報:閩清嚴曉玲慘比巴東鄧玉嬌? 福州警方公佈真相:純屬謠言http://www.dnkb.com.cn/archive/info/20090625/074948408.html

15. 海峽都市報:警方公佈“福建清嚴曉玲死亡”案情 http://news.ifeng.com/society/1/200906/0625_343_1218938.shtml

16. 林靜怡:媽媽這起誣告陷害案的始末http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_64764c5d0100goni.html

17. 福建網民誣告陷害案辯護詞選之三:遊精佑篇 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49daf0ea0100fxn1.html

18. 新華網:福州警方認定“閩清嚴曉玲遭輪奸致死”說法失實 http://news.xinhuanet.com/legal/2009-06/24/content_11595913.htm

19. 市局舉行新聞通氣會 通報閩清“2008.2.11”嚴曉玲死亡真相 http://www.fzga.gov.cn/detail.asp?id=15733

20. 法制日報:網友傳女子遭輪奸致死案涉嫌誣告 未當庭宣判 http://news.sina.com.cn/s/2009-11-12/084719031388.shtml

21. 福州范燕瓊等“誣告陷害”案檢察院起訴書 博訊 北京時間2009年10月27日 轉載 http://news.boxun.com/news/gb/china/2009/10/200910270043.shtml

22. 福建警方大肆抓捕虐待被疑披露“嚴曉玲強姦致死案”人員 http://news.boxun.com/news/gb/china/2009/06/200906282141.shtml

23. 福清紀委爆炸案蒙冤家屬吳華英女士被抓 http://www.peacehall.com/news/gb/china/2009/07/200907011632.shtml

24. 無中生有:福建三網民被誣告陷害案遊精佑資料貼士 http://my1510.cn/article.php?id=e8a322ba2e3de037

25. 劉曉原的博客:游先生被抓與嚴曉玲案有關嗎? http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49daf0ea0100e0ft.html

26. 劉曉原的博客:允許家屬聘律師,不讓律師去會見 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49daf0ea0100e4tb.html

27. 劉曉原的博客:繼續在福州等待會見遊精佑 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49daf0ea0100e3kn.html

28. 新快報:律師:福州網友發帖被拘 警方:記者無權知道案情 http://epaper.xkb.com.cn/view.php?id=421462

29. 劉曉原的博客:為遊精佑遞交取保候審申請書 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49daf0ea0100e3wd.html

30. 思寧的博客:劉曉原律師很生氣,警方拒絕律師會見嫌疑人http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_53aa89170100dsin.html

31. Guardian: Silence after China blogger amoiist tweets arrest SOS http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/jul/17/china-blogger-amoiist-arrest-twitter

32. 劉曉原的博客:福建公安不同意對涉嫌誹謗的網民取保候審 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49daf0ea0100e7pl.html

33. 劉曉原的博客:福建網民郭寶峰家屬收到了刑事拘留通知書 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49daf0ea0100e8be.html

34. 網民涉嫌誹謗官員案,為何被列入國家秘密? http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49daf0ea0100e8nc.html

35. 新快報:網友寄明信片喊被拘者“回家吃飯” http://www.ycwb.com/ePaper/xkb/html/2009-07/28/content_553814.htm

36. 領導同意律師會見福建被抓網民 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49daf0ea0100e9nx.html

37. 會見被抓的福建網民,案件“創造”了兩個第一 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49daf0ea0100ebl9.html

38. 新快報:網友寄明信片喊被拘者“回家吃飯” http://www.ycwb.com/ePaper/xkb/html/2009-07/28/content_553814.htm

39. 新快報:福建“嚴曉玲案”後續:律師要求撤銷網民誹謗案 http://epaper.xkb.com.cn/view.php?id=424756

40. 時代週報:從“你媽媽喊你回家吃飯”開啟的中國互聯網“行為藝術” http://www.time-weekly.com/2009/0805/3NMDAwMDAwMzA3NA.html

41. 廈門網友郭寶鋒被取保候審 http://news.boxun.com/news/gb/china/2009/08/200908010846.shtml

42. 新快報:被控“誣告陷害” “嚴曉玲案”發帖網友被捕 http://epaper.xkb.com.cn/view.php?id=425582

43. RFI - 福州官方打壓網民行動繼續升級 http://www.rfi.fr/actucn/articles/116/article_15332.asp

44. 會見游精佑與吳華英,范燕瓊病重不讓會見 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49daf0ea0100el2n.html

45. 律師建議無罪開釋福建網民 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49daf0ea0100eql2.html

46. 林忠律師會見福建網民,范燕瓊病情嚴重無法走路 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49daf0ea0100er5s.html

47. 劉曉原的博客:為“誣告陷害”官員的網民申請保外就醫 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49daf0ea0100etvd.html

48. 新快報:被捕網民申請保外就醫 http://www.xkb.com.cn/html/xinwen/zhongguo/2009/0901/10042.html

49. 海峽都市報:嚴曉玲案:三網民涉嫌誣陷罪 http://epaper.hdzxw.com/20090902/19/content_0.htm

50. 嚴曉玲案:看網路寫手如何演繹 http://old.hdzxw.com/news/2009/9-2/FD_U_Article-1-56-34-975638.html

51. 從十佳員警到涉黑殺人犯-搜狐新聞中心 http://news.sohu.com/s2005/jingfei.shtml

52. 《 海峽都報》報導的《福清“6•24”爆炸案成功告破》 http://www.bullogger.com/blogs/xinceng/archives/278764.aspx

53. 福建閩清嚴曉玲病歷曝光代書人范燕瓊保外就醫申請遭拒http://www.peacehall.com/news/gb/china/2009/09/200909110117.shtml

54. 劉曉原的博客:福建網民“誣告陷害”案,面臨司法審判 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49daf0ea0100fgp5.html

55. 劉曉原的博客:再次建議對涉案網民無罪開釋 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49daf0ea0100f2nz.html

56. 福州范燕瓊等“誣告陷害”案檢察院起訴書http://news.boxun.com/news/gb/china/2009/10/200910270043.shtml

57. 劉曉原的博客:福建網民誣告陷害案11日上午開庭 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49daf0ea0100fr2r.html

58. 劉曉原的博客:福建網民誣告陷害案即將開庭,律師收到停業處罰告知書 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49daf0ea0100ftz1.html

59. 劉曉原的博客:福建網民誣告陷害案庭審紀實http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49daf0ea0100fvk2.html

60. 新快報:“嚴曉玲案”被捕網友今過堂 http://www.xkb.com.cn/html/xinwen/zhongguo/2009/1111/23754.html

61. 新快報:網友發帖被捕案開庭 網友庭外直播庭審 http://epaper.xkb.com.cn/view.php?id=453603

62. 劉曉原的博客:福州市司法局就林洪楠律師處罰之事舉行聽證 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49daf0ea0100fyze.html

63. 給福建省委書記孫春蘭的信 http://www.de-sci.org/blogs/wlh/?p=40871

64. 劉曉原的博客:就網民誣陷案超審限問題,給馬尾區法院發出法律意見書 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49daf0ea0100g7s0.html

65. 傳知行11月21日劉曉原:談由嚴曉玲案引發的網民誣告陷 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5b7c096f0100fjsh.html

66. 劉曉原的博客:福建網民誣告案,辯護律師被停止執業一年 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49daf0ea0100geac.html

67. 劉曉原的博客:關於林洪楠律師遭報復性執法被停止執業一年的緊急呼籲 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49daf0ea0100gfoz.html

68. 真相30分:福建網友發貼喊冤遭跨區抓捕調查 http://cd.qq.com/a/20091224/003284.htm

69. 劉曉原的博客:關於提請關注林洪楠律師被停止執業一年的公民建議書 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49daf0ea0100gftf.html

70. 劉曉原的博客:向馬尾區法院申請變更三網民的強制措施 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49daf0ea0100gh62.html

71. 劉曉原的博客:馬尾法院不同意對三網民取保候審 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49daf0ea0100gjuz.html

72. 劉曉原的博客:福建網民誣陷案一審審限已滿,判決還未作出 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49daf0ea0100gk81.html

73. 籲請福州司法機關依法釋放范燕瓊、遊精佑、吳華英http://fjwangmin.72pines.com/archives/30

74. 劉曉原的博客:投訴馬尾區法院超審限的違法問題 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49daf0ea0100gnct.html

75. 劉曉原的博客:就網民誣陷案致福州人大代表和政協委員的信 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49daf0ea0100gnlx.html

76. 劉曉原的博客:江蘇衛視關注福建網民誣陷案 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49daf0ea0100gqdg.html

77. 劉曉原的博客:在京城福建大廈“快閃”而過的網民 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49daf0ea0100gu9s.html

78. 遊精佑案並超級低俗屠夫網路虛擬關注團正式成立 http://24hour.blogbus.com/logs/57690626.html

79. 劉曉原的博客:福建省信訪局給北京市民王荔蕻回信了 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49daf0ea0100gz32.html

80. 致福建省人民法院的信 http://www.de-sci.org/blogs/wlh/?p=43647

81. 安徽衛視:超級新聞場 2010-02-25 http://bugu.cntv.cn/news/society/cjxwc/classpage/video/20100225/100591.shtml

82. 福建網民案辯護律師林洪楠狀告福州司法局 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49daf0ea0100h4wy.html

83. 緊急關注:老虎廟被西安警方從北京強制帶走http://www.crd-net.org/Article/Class53/201003/20100306000414_20264.html

84. 西安警方進京城"捉老虎",王荔蕻收到馬尾公安回復 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49daf0ea0100h6z7.html

85. 維權人士范燕瓊面臨癱瘓危險,律師提出第五次取保候審 http://newcenturynews.com/Article/china/201003/20100308205107.html

86. 敬請關注:3月19日福建網民誣告陷害案宣判 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49daf0ea0100hbyh.html

87. 中廣網:福建網民“誣告陷害案”再次補充偵查 宣判延後 http://www.cnr.cn/china/gdgg/201003/t20100319_506177235.html

88. 福建三網民所謂“女子遭輪奸致死案”再延期 http://www.chinanews.com.cn/sh/news/2010/03-19/2180462.shtml

89. 明報:福州200人圍法院撐網友發帖被控誹謗案押後審 http://news.mingpao.com/20100320/cac1.htm

90. 嚴曉玲被輪奸案 今日福建法庭驚人一幕 http://news.sdchina.com/show/246351.html

91. New York Times: Net Produces New Generation of China Activists http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2010/03/19/world/AP-AS-China-Online-Activists.html

92. DER SPIEGEL: Internetaktivisten in China - Warum Chinas Behörden Angst vor dem Web haben http://www.spiegel.de/netzwelt/netzpolitik/0,1518,685143,00.html

93. 游精佑妻子陳育紅給信訪部門的信 http://24hour.blogbus.com/logs/60991351.html

94. 劉曉原的博客:就網民案“3.19”庭審,北京市民致信福建省委書記 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49daf0ea0100hi7g.html

95. 劉曉原的博客:就福建網民誣告陷害案,發出第六份法律意見書 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_49daf0ea0100hiup.html

96. 2010-03-28 | 3,19馬尾庭審說明會! http://fsrwg.blog.sohu.com/147143191.html

97. 蘭志學:福建林洪楠律師停業事件讓我們看到了什麼 http://crd-net.org/Article/Class7/201001/20100101002841_19229.html

98. 2009年度百名華人公共知識份子(政右經左版)——劉曉原簡介 http://2009niandu.wordpress.com/category/劉曉原簡介/

99. 嚴曉玲“輪奸致死案”謠言平息後的反思 http://news.xinhuanet.com/legal/2009-06/26/content_11605575.htm

100.各方熱議福州官方對嚴曉玲事件的做法 http://www.stnn.cc/society_focus/200906/t20090625_1052852.html

101.南方都市報:不能再以誹謗罪限制網民發言http://www.nanfangdaily.com.cn/spqy/200907180021.asp

102.南方週末:網上發帖到底有多危險? http://www.infzm.com/content/37693

103.福州嚴曉玲案,驚現網路言行獲罪的新動向 http://opinion.nfdaily.cn/content/2009-11/17/content_6349371.htm

104.亞洲週刊:福建網民代言有罪案中案 http://www.yzzk.com/cfm/Content_Archive.cfm?Channel=ag&Path=219293031/49ag1.cfm

105.福建網民案挑戰的是全人類的道德觀 http://gswjg.blog.sohu.com/136906805.html

106.蕭瀚 - 維琪百科 http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/蕭瀚

107.0686 “嚴曉玲事件”感想 / 蕭瀚 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4a5a2c160100gv7u.html

108.楊濤:合理質疑政府不能成“誣告陷害罪”的理由 http://news.xinmin.cn/opinion/xmwp/2010/03/19/4081079.html

VIII. 外部鏈結

1. 范燕瓊的博客 http://ds-maozedong.appspot.com/?url=fanyanqiong/

2. 遊精佑的博客 (無中生噎 - 一五一十部落| My1510 http://www.my1510.cn/author.php?hesuoge123)

3. 吳華英的博客(心塵的博客 http://blog.sina.com.cn/xinceng034)

4. 劉曉原的BLOG http://blog.sina.com.cn/liuxiaoyuan

5. 林靜怡的博客 http://blog.sina.com.cn/linjingyi2010

6. 老虎廟的博客 http://24hour.blogbus.com/

7. 王荔蕻的搜狐博客 http://wanglihong3.blog.sohu.com/ (已被關閉)

8. 思寧的博客 http://blog.sina.com.cn/sining

9. 郭寶鋒的博客 http://amoiist.blogspot.com

10. 無中生有的博客 http://blog.tianya.cn/blogger/view_blog.asp?BlogName=zczpza

2008年2月13日星期三

今日語錄

“我的良心不允許我照常繼續我的工作。”



——斯蒂芬·斯皮尔伯格
不滿中國在蘇丹達爾富爾衝突的立場而辭去今年的北京夏季奧運會的藝術顧問職務
來源:time
具體報道見The New York Times

2008年2月2日星期六

A friend from Hong Kong



Mr. Derrick Chang (Chinese name: 張道恩) is a photographer specializing in travel, street photography and photojournalism, as said in his website. I met him accidentally on flickr.com, and his photos which are mainly the reflection of Chinese people and their life gave me great impression. He is skilled in catch of such instant moments which can make us to think further. Such as the picture shown here. If you are a Flickr's user, you can click here to see the details. He took the picture in July 1 protest of 2007 in Hong Kong. It read dilemma of Hong Kong people who have endured repression under British colony while encountered tyranny of communism China. So I add him as my friend and found something in common. Most important, he will be here in Xiamen after the Spring Festival. Mr. Chang was born in Canada and got a degree at University of Toronto. After he graduated from the university, he came to a college in Dalian, China to teach English, and stay there for 2.5 yrs. As grown in Canada like other Chinese raised in foreign countries, he can't speak Chinese well, at least fluent Chinese. I call these people as "banana people"(香蕉人:比喻海外華裔外表看似中國人,其實內心里和西方人無異), that is to say these people with appearance of Chinese but internal thoughts of western whites, like the bananas which show yellow outside and white inside. It needs understanding, I don't make any prejudice but just make an analogy. And this is understandable. Don't expect the oversea Chinese to think in a way like Chinese in mainland due to the difference of educational systems, background. Actually, it's quite interesting to know the thoughts of these oversea Chinese to their 'mother land', about the politics, society and etc. We should be better to hear the different voices from others. He said to me that the initiative of coming to China was to learn more about his 'roots'. Camera is his tool. When he first time arrived in China, it raised conflicts in him. He met many Chinese people and watched their deeds and behaviour. He said:
but the more I heard, saw and experienced, the more I realized I am very different in both thinking and behaviour I've traveled all around china, seen most of china

He was impressed by the friendliness of Chinese people around him, but not Chinese people's behaviour as an at large. He thinks Chinese people are very different from most people with the foreigners. He appreciated the Chinese who are nice to him and ready to be new friends. However, he:

doesn't like where Chinese society is going increased competition for everything, nationalism, polluting the environment.

It's going to be ugly, he said, and it already is ugly but will get worse. He wondered why there was such great difference between the historical texts in the foreign countries and those in China. He agreed on my opinions on history and historical perspectives of Chinese (I will discuss this issue in another post History, Historical Perspectives and Chinese People, which will also be written in English). He was also surprised that so many young Chinese people were unwilling to discuss the politics, even didn't care about it at all. Most Chinese say 'i don't care for politics it doesn't affect me' like those described in China’s Me Generation of Time magazine. He didn't agree. Because in china, politics affects people's lives MORE than other countries. It's pitiful that it seems that all Chinese people want just money, to be rich without considering the environment and the society. Some Chinese people told him that the foreigners are too simple minded. He retorted Chinese think too much and make things difficult when they don't have to be, for instance face (面子). Guanxi (關係: Relation ) is another Chinese concept that is china's downfall, he convinced.

China isn't a meritocracy. so Guanxi leads to corruption and unfairness.

When I asked him whether the concepts of freedom and democracy will change the nation, he confirmed the answer. But it can't be done overnight of course, it's recommended to release the power of the government to the people slowly and start with freeing the media. China is lack of Universal Suffrage. He could vote a politician whom he didn't like his/her doing out. Unfortunately, the Chinese people are forced to do things, even if they don't like or feel uncomfortable. I always think it's evil to force someone to do something which will make his/her conscience cursed.

If you do good, good things will happen to you and vice versa, if you do bad things, later you bad things will happen to you.

He used a religious term Karma whose meaning is quoted in the above block to say why we should do good. If not, we will one day pay for our deeds. It's not about religion. But the atheism CPC obviously doesn't know it, so it keeps being evil. He said the common in us is that we are both angry freshmen (憤青: fenqing). I have my own explanation of this word 憤 青 and I would rather to translate it into angry young Chinese because 憤 青 is an exclusive product of China. There was never been a people like Chinese who has suffered from such great pains and dilemma, so a population who. It's an absolutely controversial concept. 憤青 are always considered as the factor responsible for the unsteady of society no matter what kind of the social circumstances. The founders of Kuomintang are the 憤青 of Qing Dynasty; the early members are 憤 青 of Republic of China and now us in communist China. Sometimes they promoted the development of society and otherwise reversed the pace of history like the early members of CPC. So Chinese people have fallen into a weird cycle: "the guomindang was corrupt and stole from the people, so the people rose up and took them out, joined the CCP. 60-70 years later, the same thing is starting to happen, CCP is corrupt, incompetent and not able to lead the country". So the tide is turning. In the other hand, the number of 憤青 in a society and the degree of tolerance to this kind of people show the degree of health of the society. The conservatives always complain that why there are so many fenqing, disturbing the steady of society and ignorant of great leadership of CPC. In a Stephen Chow's movie King of Beggars (武狀元蘇乞兒), the answer of the king of beggars to the empire is quite classic. He said the number of beggar is determined by the empire, if the empire cares about the people and offers more ways to make money, there will be fewer beggars, otherwise it increases. Nobody would like to be a beggar. However, currently it seems that many people take angry as their occupation in China. But the rulers never think what they are doing is the deep root that results in such considerable amount of fenqing. If the society is really harmonious, nobody would like to search for troubles. We don't need to be angry as before. Furthermore, I am not a democracy activist.


He is studying a degree in English education at the University of Hong Kong। He said that he was impressed by me, quite different from other young Chinese he met. Frankly, almost of the foreigners contacted with me said i was quite impressive. Hopefully there will be sunny day at the end of holiday, because i have promised him to show a most beautiful Xiamen.



2007年12月1日星期六

走進緬甸


我曾經用英文寫過一些一篇帖子(可見Get close to Burma),講述我在某地和一些緬甸人相處的經歷和我對其政治的一些個人見解。也許是英文本身不是我自己的語言,在將我的想法輔助字節時,有些偏差,后來考慮用中文來寫會更透徹一些。不瞞您說,我從事當前的職業絕對是半路出家,前面還有很多路要走也有很多東西需要我去學習。當然,懂一門外語很重要,你不僅可以使用這門語言和外國人交流,更多的還是能夠通過這門語言體驗那個國家的風土人情、政治、社會、經濟的方方面面,增加了自己向其他民族學習的機會,最重要的是你可以自己體會而不是去拾別人的牙慧來左右你的判斷力,別人怎么說你就怎么信。


一個月前,一行五十多人的緬甸某個造紙廠的技術人員來到距廈門五百多公里的縣城邵武的某個紙廠進行試車前的技術培訓,需要幾位元口譯人員,因此我就被公司派到該廠協助該廠技術人員對他們進行培訓。我十月七日到達邵武,緬方人員在11日到達該廠,我們在停車場迎接他們。剛開始我們見到他們的時候,我們被他們中的女士的身材所嚇倒,讓我重新覺得中國女孩是相比是多麼的可愛。從拍攝的照片可以看出這些女士幾乎沒有什麼身材可言,幾乎清一色的搓衣板,前胸貼後背,單薄得讓人覺得風就能把他們吹走,可是奇怪的是二十幾天之後就覺得有多麼寒磣了。也是在停車場我們最初見識到緬甸人的民族服裝和他們的精神面貌。


我們原本以為緬甸曾經是英國的殖民地,他們從小就開始學習英文,用英語溝通應該不是件很難的事情,可是當我們與他們接觸的時候才知道事情不是這麼簡單。有同事被一緬甸人問道是否有"delephone",直到對方做出打電話的樣子時,他才明白對方試問這裏是否有電話機。而我是被一女士在門口的詢問給難住了,幾個同行的翻譯也都不清楚她問的什麼,後來是他們帶來的中緬翻譯幫我們解圍了,原來她是問是否可以用房間的拖鞋走在地板上。我們很納悶,這些拖鞋就是讓他們穿在腳上在臥室裏走的,為什麼要問這樣的問題,後來看到他們在臥室光著腳板以及該廠人員說他們就是上生產線都可以打赤腳,我才明白這種問題並不多餘。最初的溝通不是很順暢,他們把"p"發成"b"的音,而"t"則是"d",說英文單詞"method"就像說"麥兜"。考驗還沒開始,我們的自信心就被打掉一半。而且在到達後的第二星期,我們就遇到新的麻煩。


培訓開始於他們來後的第二個星期,同時也是我們開始對其真正瞭解的開始,此前我們還去了武夷山旅遊了一趟。緬甸的最後一個軍政府上台後將英國殖民時代的國家名稱Burma改為現在的Myanmar,前者已經沿用了很長的一段時間,後者來自緬甸最大的民族"緬族"的名稱,目前沒有得到國際社會的承認。問題就出現在這個國名的翻譯上,培訓的教材凡有緬甸的地方一律翻譯為Burma,有個副總看到了這些教材就指出在緬甸都是用Myanmar,為什麼這裏都用Burma。有個和我們公司有最直接的利益關係的負責人就立即借題發揮,一個電話就打到我們公司的老總質詢怎麼這點錯誤都發現不了。其實,這個錯誤在三年前就鑄成了,當時的一批材料也是我現在的公司翻譯的,由于當時的譯員沒有仔細求證借著金山詞霸就把它翻譯成為Burma,犯了低級錯誤。事實上,關于這個國家國名的用法一直就很混亂,有個香港博客人曾經寫過一片很有意思的文章叫《 Myanmar還是Burma?》 ,道明了多數人的困惑:



不過各位有沒有發現,在看不同外國電視台的新聞報道時,在報謊有關緬甸的新聞時,緬甸的稱呼沒有統一,有些電視台叫Burma,又有些電視台叫她做 Myanmar?例如看英國廣播公司,或英國天空電視新聞的節目,就一概稱呼為Burma,若轉台看CNN或Fox News,又或如在早上直播的CBS新聞,就是用了Myanmar;今天的《南華早報》頭條新聞是緬甸鎮壓示威者,大字標日題是Myanmar,搞不好還會以為,Burma與Myanmar會是兩個國家呢。



不光是我們,連緬甸本國人都很混亂,我現在手頭上有從緬甸學員那邊換來的面值5 Kyat的緬元,現在還在流通,其背后寫著"Union of Burma Bank",而現在則是"Central Bank of Myanmar"。有意思的是,這次緬甸僧侶游行,有個重要的議題是將緬甸的國名由Myanmar改回Burma。從緬甸軍政府該國名到現在已經有近20年的光陰,而現在很多人不清楚它真正的國名叫什么,真正被世界所遺忘了。後來這件事情草草收場,也給了我一些至深的教訓。其一,一個封閉的民族最終只能被世界遺忘、被歷史拋棄;其二,政治始終是嚴肅的,特別是亞洲地區(除香港、臺灣、日本、韓國),沒人玩得起政治。


緬甸對我來說是個十分神秘的國度,我對它的瞭解僅知其有個民主活動人士叫昂山素姬和其是軍事獨裁的國家,以及最近的一次僧人示威抗議活動,僅此而已。緬甸的自由程度和人民生活水準是列於全球倒數之列,我絲毫沒有對這些人有任何瞧不起的意思,就以中國的自由度和生活水準,如果去嘲笑他們的國民真的有五十步笑一百步的嫌疑。我所鄙視的物件只是那些無知和專制的統治者,而對普通大眾則是出於同情。我知道將要和他們相處蠻長一段時間,有足夠的時間來瞭解他們的國度。


緬甸的民族服裝叫做"籠笈",就是將一塊長布兩端縫起來,然後往自己身上一套在腰間打個節,就像筒裙長度直達腳踝。其實,最讓我們覺得新鮮的應該是緬甸女人的裝扮。我們見到他們的時候就有些女人的臉頰上的兩側各有一個塗有淡黃色粉末的長塊,就像很多球迷那樣在涂國旗,只是沒有圖案,我們很納悶為什麼她們不把它們塗勻。後來緬方的翻譯告訴我們,那些粉末是當地的一種樹木磨成的,有祛粉刺的功效,緬甸女人拿它化妝品;至于為何他們不把它涂淡不像在臉上貼膏藥,這是她們的習慣,以此為美。


你稱呼緬甸人的時候,不是在他們的名字加上Mr.,Mrs.或是Miss,因為他們根本就沒有姓氏。緬甸人沒有姓氏,取名只是父母想到什麼就叫什麼名字如我見到一個女孩名叫Thin Thin Swe,在緬語的意思一種香味。稱呼男人只要在他的名字之前加上U(念作屋),相當於Mr.;稱呼女人則在她的名字之前加上Daw(念作哆),相當Ms.。所以,民主活動人士昂山素姬可以稱作:Daw Aung San Suu Kyi。


緬甸的貨幣單位是Kyat(念作恰),同人民幣的兌換比例約為180:1左右,而一般緬甸職工的工資水準在兩萬至十萬Kyat之間,相當於人民幣100元到1000元之間,這種收入水準同中國相比,明顯要窮得多。緬甸女人的身材偏瘦,我懷疑是她們營養不足所致。週末,該造紙廠總會組織緬甸學員到市區購物,我們作為隨同翻譯和他們一起進城,這也是我們可以離開這座工廠唯一的機會。我覺得在邵武的生活,和緬甸人外出購物是最有意思的。一行50多來人的隊伍把這座小小的縣城的繁華地段一下子熱鬧起來,他們講著不同的語言,穿著也和當地人不同,總是能夠招徠很多行人的目光。最讓當地人驚訝的是,緬甸女人在臉頰上涂了兩塊黃色粉末狀的東西,要命的是她們沒有把它涂勻,和我們最初見到他們的想法一樣。


中國有非常嚴重的男女比例失調的問題,將來很多成年男子找不到配偶,然而最讓我吃驚的是緬甸的男女比例為1:6的關係,就是說有近乎500%女人嫁不出去。從競次的角度來看,緬甸的問題比中國還嚴重。有人告訴我在緬甸很多女人一輩子獨身,也有人剃發修行成了尼姑。我在和他們聊天的時候用不可思議的口氣問他們政府如何處理這樣的問題,並且說在中國如果女人30歲還不嫁的話會被別人瞧不起,他們用輕鬆的口氣回應我的問題,顯然我們的操心是多餘的。至于為何緬甸會有如此懸殊的性別比率是因為正如前述的常年戰亂和無度的征兵所致,想象一下男性外逃,最后肯定會導致女多男少的局面。後來,我想有沒人給中共當局獻計獻策說以后中國的男女比率不平衡可不可以從緬甸引進一些女人,緩解一下局面。


如果想瞭解緬甸,就不可能不去瞭解它的政治結構及意識形態,貧窮是它的其中一面,專制是它的另一面。緬甸是個軍事獨裁的國家,等級森嚴,軍政府在將昂山素姬等民主派人士監禁後一直奉行政治高壓的政策,嚴厲打擊異己和無節制的征兵,使得他們感到十分的厭惡,很多人忍受不了這樣的政治壓力,紛紛逃向國外。緬甸的行政區劃可以分為七個State和七個Division,我記得有個學員跟我說過,"All the district administrators are from the army. It's not so good."。這樣一來,一個國家從上到下都被控制在軍人的手裏,民眾根本沒有自由可言。而且緬甸的軍閥內斗也是很嚴重的,聽過這么一件有趣的事情:在緬甸有個工廠,動力部門隸屬能源部,而機械設備屬工業部管轄,兩位部長是死對頭,對著干想把對方搞臭,今天能源部在天然氣供應上動手腳,明天工業部就在生產上不合作,把責任往對方身上推,最終把工廠搞垮了。幸好國家元首丹瑞大將知道個中的原因,把他們都撤了,因為他以前也這么做的。


緬甸人似乎不關心工廠的經濟效益,曾經有個紙廠,是中國政府的援建專案,中國人幫助並教會他們開機後的很長時間裏一直處於停機狀態,零件壞了不懂得更換,不少工廠停工根本就每人來處理。而且在那國度人們幹多幹少都一樣,拿的都是固定工資,什麼樣的職位領什麼樣的工資。正常來講,在緬甸,私人企業和外國企業的工資比國有企業的要高,但是在政府資助的企業裏一定的職位等同於一定的官職。在這批學員中不乏有這樣的人:有個年輕人過去曾經在一家機械銷售公司工作,月薪為18, 000Kyats,到目前這個紙廠工作,月薪只有8, 000Kyats,約合人民幣500塊左右。為什麼他願意到一家工資不到從前一半而且充滿危險的工廠工作,就是因為這家紙廠由緬甸工業部領導,由政府出資興建,在裏邊工作等同于公務員為政府服務,因此不少人趨之若鶩。在緬甸,獲得政治上的優越地位遠比取得經濟的優勢要重要得多。瞭解到這些情況,我仿佛見到父輩所經歷的時代,一個全民大鍋飯的時代,顯然這樣的時代是我不希望看到的。


我過去一直很納悶為何緬甸這個東南亞國土面積最大的國家,資源豐富,人口眾多,在歷史上是唯一的一個敢和中國的封建王朝抗衡的國家,如何淪落到今天赤貧的這一地步,人均GDP只有180美元。我們不得不反思這個國家的社會制度,在軍事獨裁之前,緬甸事實上也是貧窮的東南亞(新加坡和馬來西亞除外)的佼佼者,人均GDP也在一千美元之上,而如今這個數字也只有官方才清楚。實際上,緬甸的政治和經濟存在太多中國因素,這樣一個可怕的政權之所以能夠如此穩固地存在,是因為有中共在其背後撐腰。作為對中共的利益交換,緬甸當局對不少的中國的國有企業開放,例如中石油在緬甸有很大的投資。來此學習的緬甸學員都很熟悉中共的領導人,比如說他們知道吳儀到現在仍是一個獨身的女人。同時,中共對緬甸軍政府的侵犯人權的行為置若罔聞。在我所瞭解的那些所謂"援助"緬甸的國有企業,很少能夠改變當地經濟落後的現狀。有這么一個項目有中國的公司援建的工廠,設計和施工都是由中國政府承包給幾家國有企業,甚至設備都是從中國進口的。在這家工廠完工之后,投入使用之前所有的高壓容器要預先加水試驗其密封和抗壓性能,只有試水合格才能投入運行,結果那些容器就四處漏水,而高溫蒸汽一走過閥門,閥門就壞。原本這些閥門需要耐280攝氏度的高溫,而承包公司為了省錢只給人安裝耐180度高溫的閥門,本身這兩種閥門的造價一個天一個地,而其功能和耐受能力也天差地別,給人家留下不少安全隱患。所以,緬甸人本質上不喜歡中國人。緬甸爆發大規模的僧侶上街游行之后的幾天,中國駐緬甸第二大城市曼德勒(Mandelay)的領事館就被炸彈襲擊,可見一斑。其實,世界上那個國家會喜歡中國人呢?我覺得很悲哀。


還是說點和我工作有關的事情吧,我負責的是制漿車間的培訓口譯任務。說起制漿,它是造紙廠比較核心的部門,備料車間的原料木片和竹片過來,進入了蒸煮鍋,煮成紙漿,然后在噴放到噴放鍋,再經洗滌、篩選以及漂白,然后進入漿板車間。具體說,制漿車間就是負責紙漿的蒸煮、洗滌、篩選以及漂白。在此車間,高壓、高溫容器較多,比較危險,而最大的問題還是那里的味道比較重,各種酸、堿的味道夾雜其中,還有那里使用氯氣漂白,多少會有些排放在大氣中,氣壓低的時候這種味道比較明顯。在紙廠工作的確比較辛苦,對自己的身體健康不太好。我帶的那六個緬甸學員總體的英文水平還可以,學歷和經驗都不錯,其中兩個擁有工科學士學位,兩個碩士,兩個有十幾二十年的工作經驗。上課的時候,我用最笨的方法來溝通,培訓老師講完一句,我就把它翻譯出來,對應的幾個關鍵詞一定會寫在白板上。這樣一來,上課的進度就被我拖慢了,好在這種培訓不是在趕時間,主要是要他們都聽懂。我的做法有個好處是,他們有時間對他們聽不太清楚的詞有個時間反應,再則如果沒有遇見的生詞可以翻開字典查,這樣就可以把講師說的內容都掌握下來,效果是立竿見影。工作了一段時間,每天的生活就是按部就班,造紙的技術接觸多了,儼然也是的行家,那些學員經常說"You are already a master"。我應該提醒大家,紙不是越白越好,越白的紙說明漂白次數多或添加的增白劑或熒光劑較多,這些化學物質對人體有害的。以后見到很白的紙,千萬不可以拿它插嘴。


一個月過去了,我最終回到了廈門。在去邵武的火車上,剛好碰到一位小女生剛從東南亞旅游回來,講了很多很有趣的經歷。她獨身一人到東南亞旅游,從馬來西亞一路往北走,穿過泰國、柬埔寨,最后進入緬甸,經歷了緬甸的騷亂,再從緬甸回到昆明。在路上見到很多有趣的事情,最讓我吃驚的是在東南亞周游列國僅僅花了500美金。如果說,剛去那的時候我感到興奮,那么在返回廈門的時候,我有點淡淡的憂傷,畢竟相處了一段時間。幾乎可以這么說,那些學員永遠再也見不著面了。回來的那天晚上,他們請我喝酒,一直感謝我的耐心,很受感動。祝此刻還在中國的那些緬甸學員在中國生活愉快,回到緬甸有個好的運氣。


2007年11月28日星期三

Beijing in the Great Cultural Revolution: Investigation of the Appalling Massacre Happened in Daxing County



Beijing in the Great Cultural Revolution


Investigation of the Appalling Massacre Happened in Daxing County


[Author:Yu Luowen ]


Translated by Peter Guo, No Copyright Reserved


1. ORIGIN


It enumerated the methods that how the people in power damaged the "Black Five Categories" (landlords, rich farmers, counterrevolutionaries, bad members, rightist members) and their offspring in the Of Parentage written by Yu Luoke in 1966, in which there was a sentence of "cruelly 'pulled up completely with roots'", indicating the extremely cruel massacre incident of Daxing County which happened in August 1966.

However, the High School Cultural Revolution Report which managed by us had only three months of life span, and the newspaper also had been released only 7 issues, the writing space was limited and time was too little, leading to fail to complete the scheduled plans, though we tried to disclose and criticize the Fascist outrages of damaging mankind in every issue as far as possible. Luoke once even had an illusion of compiling a book before he was arrested, which specially collected and disclosed the horrible outrage that took place during the "Great Cultural Revolution ".

Sooner after Luoke was imprisoned, I was also put into the same prison, coincidentally the cell jailed one killer who participated in the massacre incident. Although he was ashamed of publicizing of his notorious doings, the other prison sufferers couldn't help to discuss his appalling evil doings and named him as a "butcher".


It was said that the slaughter of "Black Five Categories" in other places was to make them die rapidly, otherwise the village where the "butcher" lived in, except for beaten the old "Black Five Categories" to die by cudgels and split across the infant "Black Five Categories" into two halves, they imprisoned the teenage "Black Five Categories" and took the torture to those teenagers time by time as playing a "game".


They backed both hands of the male youth and hung up them by only the thumbs fastened, and then execute various kinds of torture; to the female youth, besides hung up and thrashed them, they did sex maltreatments on them. In the evening the butchers put down them and let them had a "rest", with the purpose to let them not die too fast and suffer more. In the mean time, they released the notices to the "Black Five Categories" who labored outside, compelling them to come back for "animadversion". Days later, all the male and female youth were dead.

For the teenage "Black Five Categories", they didn't even let pass. They didn't give anything to eat for the teenagers until they was hungry to a certain degree in the first several days, and then threw some eggplants to them to make fun by watching them grabbed the eggplants. Later their superiors released a designation of stopping massacre. Firstly the "butchers" treated the "designation" as nothing at all, and still there some people were dead.


Said according to the "butcher", imprison of him was not for the reason that he killed some people, but for he didn't respect the designation from his superiors. On the contrast, spoke of grievances for the innocent killed "mean people", Louke was ruthlessly sentenced death penalty.


Only twenty years after the Daxing Massacre Incident, there were some brief reports shown on some books and periodicals, from which we primarily knew that, the public security system of Daxing County conveyed the speaking of the minister of Public Security Xie Fuzhi in Aug. 26, 1966, from Aug. 27 to Sep. 1, there were 325 people killed, among which the oldest was 80 years old, and the youngest was just 38 days in the 13 communes with 48 brigades in this county. 22 families were annihilated in total (See Decade History of the Great Cultural Revolution, September 1986, Tianjin People's Publishing House).


The purpose of researches on the aggrieved history is to provide reference for posterities and make the society go forward, races progress, is a matter of great significance. But not until we really wanted to probe into this case, had we found it was so difficult to find the historical data! At first, I went to the Beijing Municipal Archives which was just opened in last year, unexpectedly couldn't find any information about the well known incidents that happened in the early stage of the "Cultural Revolution". There was not any material on the matters regarding the Red Guards' confiscation of people's property, people killing, and massacre in the villages, e.g. a most obvious example: in March 18, 1967, all avenues in Beijing were pasted pieces of the announcement from the Military Control Committee of Bureau of Public Security (so called "318 announcement"), which stipulated 11 kinds of people and their family that needed to be repatriation to rural areas. After that, the "11 kinds of people" became a special term, including landlords, rich farmers, counterrevolutionaries, bad members, rightist members, capitalists, sinister gang members, reactive military officers, pseudo policemen, pseudo military policemen and secret agents respectively. So influential official public documents but not found in the archives. Fortunately, there was the "Report of the Municipal People's Congress and Military Control Committee on the Relevant Allocation Problems Concerning the Dispatched People" which was released in March 23, 1967, could still provide evidences that there once bad been facts of driving people to the villages, and these immoral conducts started in 1966 and didn't over in 1967. The "report" indicated that being dispatched to the rural areas, some of them returned to, more than a half of them were defined as the "11 kinds of people". It said "in consistent with the dealing measures" in the "report", should continue to dispatch (people to rural). The so called "dealing measures" were indicated in the "318 announcement" that released 5 days ago. Even though so incomplete the archives were and the many entries in the table of contents were pasted with opaque adhesive tape, it seemed that I found something that shouldn't be publicized within one year.


Driving the people out of who had "problems" should be traced back to the years from 1959 to 1961, when the mayor and secretary of the Communist Party Municipal Committee Peng Zhen had a famous saying: will construct to become "glass plates, crystal stones*". Just at that time they hadn't attained large-scale dispatch activity. Since the beginning of "Cultural Revolution", it was inevitable to implement the repatriation. I turned over the government documents regarding compression of the city population from 1959 to 1962 to seek any clue about "glass plates, crystal stones"; it's clearly that nothing to be obtained. Since it was hard to find the needed materials, I turned to look for the involved parties in the massacre.


There were 13 communes in that performed massacre, among which the commune was the most well known. The persons that commanded the massacre there were Gao Fuxing and Hu Defu, who are still alive; it was said that they manage grocers in the downtown areas of the county. I wanted to seek for them firstly; if succeeded, I would know who commanded them and their motivations at that time. I made great efforts to find out the younger brother of Gao Fuxing, but unexpectedly got the cheese, the "supervisors" upon them prohibited them to provide the historical data of that massacre incident to others with the reasons unknown.


Fortunately, that incident itself couldn't keep secrets; the activities behind the scenery didn't need to be said through learning about the kinds of facts. And the greater significance is on digging the root of this vicious incident and learning about why they happened so as to avoid happening again. The direct reason of Daxing Massacre incident was violence and killing of the Red Guards in urban regions. If make May 16, 1966 as the starting of the "Cultural Revolution", at the early June the "Red Guards" organizations with strong feudal colors appeared in high schools which eventually called as the "Old Red Guards". The only organizing principle of them was exclusively born in the families with high ascendancy. The "Red Guards" left the history two slogans and extremely notorious deeds.


The two slogans were: "rebellion is reasonable" and "hero father breeds brave children; reactive father breeds blamed children". The ashamed deeds to the mankind was the Fascist inhumane deeds that treating as if people's life was not worth of a straw, while the victims were those people in inferior position who had not any resistant ability and been repressed for years for no reason. The "Red Guards"s was not satisfied just only assaulting the presidents (principles) and teaching fellows in the schools, after "smashed" the "revisionism education system", they put excess efforts to the society, starting the activities of "break through the four olds" and bloody terrible "family property confiscation". It seemed that their job was to inexorably uncover the new "sinister gangs", destroyed the things that has traditional culture colors and oppressed and even killed the "black kinds" (pluses capitalists and "sinister gangs" based on the "Black Five Categories").


Mao Zedong saw those "Old Red Guards" on Tiananmen Rostrum tower in August 18. Song Renqiong's daughter Song Binbin wore a sleeve emblem for Mao Zedong. Mao asked Song what was her name if the Bin ( 彬,courteous) in the word "Wen Zhi Bin Bin" ( 文质彬彬, gentle), said "Wow! Yaowu ( 要武嘛,want violence)", therefore Song changed her name as "Song Yaowu". Since " ,the "Red Guards" became quite famous, ignorance, prejudice plus unlimited power, made them have beast like temper and minds without conscience.

The so-called "family property confiscation" was always confiscating and destroying all property, even if the old widows and widowers, were robbed everything in their home even some living items like bowls, chopsticks and bedding were also confiscated. Furthermore, the "family property confiscation" was always accompanied with "assault" which was an extremely cruel means. The common item during ""family property confiscation" was "shaving" "Yinyang hairstyle", hardly let the women pass. It was said "shaving", actually was shaving with depilation, sometimes pulled out the hairs handful by handful, even the skin of head was tore. There were often seen that some senior people slouched the bleeding heads with pink scalp, still in pillory through the streets. The crueler was that "washed" the heads, namely pouring the thick alkaline solution onto the wound places. The re was a "capitalist" family in the area near Dongsi (a street), where the senior couple were nearly beaten to die, and their son was compelled to beat them, the son in high school used a dumbbell to smash his father's head, himself finally became mad. It was quotidian phenomena that beating some people to die, on the sand beach street, some male "Red Guards" assaulted an senior lady using shackles and belts until she couldn't move, and a female "Red Guards" jumped on her belly until the senior woman were trampled to die.


A so called "Class Revenge Incident" broke out in the areas around Ganlanshi of Chongwen District, Bejing in August 25. It was said that a "house property lord" whose last name was Li couldn't endure the maltreatments using a kitchen knife threatened a "Red Guard" who watched him, and was killed. This incident was exaggerated and went the rounds to the "Red Guards" organizations in every school, the "small generals" in search of quarrels couldn't even give up the chance, thousands of hatchet men in soldier costumes and weapons in hands gathered in the street where the incident happened by special bus, "bloodily washed" these areas for 7 days, countless people mercilessly were beaten up and many people died of unnatural death. This was the "Ganlanshi Incident" that astonished. In this action, they confiscated the house of a "landlord's wife" (alone widow) near Chongwenmnen, compelled all the neighboring residents to take a bottle of boiled water for each family, pouring the hot water from her neck until the muscle on the neck scalded completely. Days later, her body threw in the house was full of maggots. The Shao's family in the Nangongkou Huton, formerly as an Intendant of Circuit in Qing Dynasty, stored a lot of balm and white sugar in his home. The "Red Guards" coerced this family to drink balm oil and have white sugar; Mr. Shao Zhongkuang who experienced this punishment said it was more unbearable than deadly assaults. Thousands of people in urban regions of were killed by the "Red Guards" during the last ten-day of August, 1966, and homicidal evil doings rapidly radiates to every suburb of , including Daxing County.


* Peng Zhen, the former mayor of Beijing city at 1960s-1970s, and one of the earliest heads of the Communist Party of China. The phase of "glass plates, crystal stones (玻璃板,水晶石)" means to spy the people to let there were no secrets hidden in the people, making the society clear and transparent like "glass plates, crystal stones". I think this had special meaning under that social circumstance, because at that time the culture revolution began, Beijing as the center of China, Peng should make the example for Mao Zedong, so he called for the police to digged out the "Five Black Categories".

Yu Luowen, the author and the narrator in the film of Morning Sun. Yu Luoke was his elder brother, an extraordinarily prescient critic of the Cultural Revolution and political manipulation in China, who was executed in 1970 for his ideas in his book, of parentage.